Acne, a condition almost synonymous with adolescence, is an inflammatory skin condition that affects millions worldwide. However, the reach of acne extends beyond the teenage years, involving many adults as well. This article aims to demystify acne, shedding light on its causes and symptoms and addressing some common misconceptions.

What is Acne?

Acne is a skin condition characterised by pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, and deeper lumps called cysts or nodules. These can appear on the face, neck, chest, back, shoulders, and upper arms. It typically arises during puberty but can affect individuals at any age.

Causes of Acne

Understanding acne requires a look into the microscopic world of our skin. Our skin is populated by tiny pores, each housing a hair follicle and an oil gland. The pores can become clogged when these glands produce too much oil or sebum. Combined with dead skin cells, this clog creates a breeding ground for Propionibacterium acnes, which lives on our skin.

Inflammation occurs when your body's immune system fights off this bacteria, resulting in red, swollen bumps filled with pus - the quintessential pimple.

Several factors contribute to the overproduction of sebum and subsequent acne:

• Hormones: Hormonal changes during adolescence and menstruation can increase sebum production.
• Diet: High-glycemic diets and dairy products have been linked to acne.
• Stress: Stress doesn't directly cause acne but can exacerbate it.
• Genetics: If your parents had acne, you're more likely to have it.

Symptoms of Acne

Acne symptoms can range from mild to severe and include:

• Whiteheads
• Blackheads
• Small, red, tender bumps
• Pimples (pustules), which are papules with pus at their tips
• Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface of the skin (nodules)
• Painful, pus-filled nodes beneath the surface of the skin (cystic lesions)

Common Myths about Acne

Let's bust a few myths surrounding acne:

• Myth: Greasy food and chocolate trigger acne. While a healthy diet is essential for overall skin health, most studies have not found a direct link between junk food and acne. However, diets high in refined sugars may be a contributing factor.
• Myth: Acne is a sign of poor hygiene. Acne is not caused by dirty skin; excessive washing can irritate and worsen acne.
• Myth: You should let acne run its course. Untreated acne can lead to dark spots, scars, and low self-esteem. Seek professional help to treat acne effectively.